Monthly Archive: October 2016
MICHAEL DAUGHERTY: Tales of Hemingway; American Gothic; Once Upon a Castle – Zuill Bailey, cello/Paul Jacobs, organ/Nashville Sym. /Giancarlo Guerrero – Naxos
Some of Daugherty’s finest music to date in bold, innovative scenarios. MICHAEL DAUGHERTY: Tales of Hemingway; American Gothic; Once Upon a Castle – Zuill Bailey, cello/Paul Jacobs, organ/Nashville Sym./Giancarlo Guerrero – Naxos American Classics 8.559798, 77:43 (9/09/16) ****: I don’t even know where to begin in discussing this latest release from Michael Daugherty except to say that I love it! I have followed Michael’s music for many years now and I have all his recordings. This one might be my favorite. The “theme” to this album is not really that of the title work; a brilliant and often moving cello concerto inspired by the novels of Ernest Hemingway, but it is really that of the maverick and eccentric spirit in American art and written with much implied respect to this country where being a maverick, eccentric and occasionally controversial personality is still possible. To this end, Daugherty has crafted three stunning works which pay homage to the reclusive Hemingway, the often wry and bizarre art of Grant Wood and the unabashedly extravagant William Randolph Hearst. The Hemingway piece, Tales of Hemingway, is a beautiful and inventive four movement cello concerto performed wonderfully by the always amazing Zuill Bailey. The novels […]
BIZET: Carmen Suites 1 & 2; L’Arlesienne Suites 1 & 2 – London Sym. Orch./ Neville Marriner – Pentatone
Pentatone restores Sir Neville Marriner’s intensely effective 1978 Bizet suites. BIZET: Carmen Suites 1 & 2; L’Arlesienne Suites 1 & 2 – London Sym. Orch./ Neville Marriner – Pentatone multichannel SACD PTC 5186 234, 65:10 (4.0 channels) [Distr. by Naxos] (7/8/16) ****: Composer Georges Bizet (1838-1875), tragically and ironically, died suddenly in June 1875, only three months after the unsuccessful première of his opera Carmen at the Opéra-Comique in Paris, 3 March 1875. The opera’s première in Vienna in October that same year scored a global triumph, a Pyrrhic victory for a composer who thought this most revered opera a dismal failure. A fellow student of Bizet, Ernest Guirand, collated the suites from selected arias and scenes he had arranged for a version of the opera in Vienna. Neville Marriner, for this 1978 recording, includes the Seguidilla, which would otherwise consist of originally instrumental pieces. On this album they are combined with the Arlésienne suites No. 1 and 2, Bizet’s other hugely popular set of orchestral suites, which are taken (1879) from the incidental music he had composed for L’Arlésienne, a tragedy by French novelist Alphonse Daudet. The suites from both scores, having become thoroughly familiar, it suffices to applaud […]
Nelson – For The Good Times/ A Tribute To Ray Price – Legacy vinyl
Nelson – For The Good Times/ A Tribute To Ray Price [TrackList follows] – Legacy 8898531241, 40:01 [9/16/16] stereo vinyl, ****: One country legends pays tribute to another! (Willie Nelson – acoustic guitar, lead vocals; Vince Gill – acoustic, electric guitar; Andy Reiss – electric guitar; Larry franklin – fiddle; Joe Spivey – fiddle; Kenny Sears – fiddle; Brad Albin – bass; Billy Thomas – drums; Jeff Taylor – piano, accordion; Paul Franklin – pedal steel; Mickey Raphael – harmonica; Jim Horn – saxophone, flute; James Greer – oboe; The Nashville String Machine and many others) Willie! In country music circles or nearly everywhere else, this one-name icon is universally praised and adored. At eighty-three, he remains active in recording and performing.His first brush with success came in the ‘50s when Patsy Cline recorded his composition, “Crazy”. From there he became a minor country recording artist. But in the early 1970s Willie Nelson became a flashpoint for a new genre, outlaw country. Along with Waylon Jennings, Kris Kristofferson, Johnny Cash and Jessi Colter, country music cut loose from the constraints of Nashville. Additionally, Nelson embraced a liberal socio-political agenda that included activism. He founded Farm Aid which exists to this […]
The Girshevich Trio featuring Eddie Gomez – Algorithmic Society – Tapestry
The Girshevich Trio featuring Eddie Gomez – Algorithmic Society – Tapestry 76026-2, 59:34 ***: A release that has coherence of approach and concept. (Vlad Girshevich – piano, synthesizers/ Aleks Girshevich – drums/ Eddie Gomez – acoustic bass) Baroque music is a particular classical style that lasted for a period of 150 years from 1600 to 1750. Its principal feature, tonality, was an approach to writing music in a particular key. Vlad Girshevich writing in the liner notes to Algorithmic Society acknowledges that the underlying framework for some of this musical excursion is the Baroque period. While not necessarily a concept album, there is a central musical construct that is musically identifiable. Of particular interest on this recording is bassist Eddie Gomez. A most compelling accompanist, Gomez spent eleven years with the Bill Evans Trio, starting in 1966 where he filled the long void left by bassist Scott La Faro who died in 1961. His big tone and expressive solos are a singular feature to the compositional work of pianist Vlad Girshevich starting with the opening track: “Healing The Chaos”. Bursting with requisite vigour, the music is supplemented with a string section that adds a tonal depth that is accentuated by […]
Little Johnny Rivero – Music In Me – Truth Revolution
Little Johnny Rivero – Music In Me [TrackList follows]- Truth Revolution TRR 022, 58:39 ****: A musical excursion that constructs numerous threads of Latin tradition. (Little Johnny Rivero – congas, bongo, timbales & minor percussion; Brian Lynch – trumpet; Louis Fouché – alto sax; Zaccai Curtis – piano & Fender Rhodes; Luques Curtis – bass; Ludwig Afonso – drums; special guests: Conrad Herwig; Jonathan Powell; Alfredo De La Fé; Natalie Fernandez; Anthony Carrillo; Luisito Quintero; Giovanni Almonte; Manny Mieles; Edwin Ramos) The most common definition of infectious is a medical one, such as likely to spread infection. In a more generic sense, it can be used to describe something that is “likely to spread or influence others in a rapid manner”. The music offered by Little Johnny Rivero in his release Music In Me falls into the latter category, as the Latin sounds pulse out of the speakers, there is a finger-popping, shoulder-shaking vibe will keep the listener engaged. In this nine track set of high octane rhythm, Rivero and his band plus a number of special guests deliver a master class of Latin jazz timbre and textures. Starting with “Mr. LP” which is dedicated to Latin Percussion (LP) Founder Martin […]
“Russian Oboe Concertos” = By KITKA, RUBTSOV & ESHPAI – MD&G
“Russian Oboe Concertos” = VALERY KITKA: Concerto for Oboe and Orchestra No. 1; Concerto for Oboe and String Orchestra No. 3; ANDREY RUBTSOV: Concerto for Oboe and String Orchestra; ANDREY ESHPAI: Concerto for Oboe and Orchestra /Maria Sournatcheva, oboe /Göttinger Sym. Orch./ Christoph-Mathias Mueller ‒ Musikproduktion Dabringhaus und Grimm, multichannel SACD MDG 901 1947-6 (and 2+2+2), 72:24 (5/13/16) ****: Accessible concertos from contemporary Russia. The oldest composer on this program, Andrey Eshpai (1925‒2015), was born shortly after the October Revolution, served in the Russian Army in World War II, and studied with Soviet stalwart composers Nicolai Myaskovsky and Aram Khachaturian. However, his Oboe Concerto of 1982 sounds the most contemporary of all the concertos on this disc. It is also, as far as I can recall, the only work by a composer from the Republic of El Mari (part of Russia since the days of the Czars). Bordered on the south by the Volga River, El Mari is situated in the European Plain of Russia. Eshpai’s music draws on the folk music of his birthplace (from which his family moved, to Moscow, when the composer was three). However, being no ethnomusicologist, I can’t say that the folk element in his […]
Bruckner: Symphonies 0-9 – var. orch./ Mario Venzago – CPO (10 CDs)
Interesting renditions of these works by one who has studied them deeply. ANTON BRUCKNER: Symphonies Nos. 0-9 – Tapiola Sinfonietta/Northern Sinfonia/Bern Sym. Orch./Basel Sym. Orch./Konzarthausorch. Berlin/Mario Venzago – CPO 555 023-2, 562:53 (ten CDs) plus PAL DVD “The Making of…” [Distr. by Naxos] (7/08/16) ***: First, let’s get this out of the way: the ‘bonus DVD’ titled The Making of.. is a short documentary by filmmaker Laurent Jaquet that apparently contains plenty of interview and rehearsal footage with conductor Mario Venzago that I was rather looking forward to. The DVD is clearly labeled “Region free; 0 Region” but – in fact – it will not play on my American DVD player; nor that of our editor’s, so it is PAL. I can’t tell you whether it’s intriguing or not. (Come on, CPO!) [We seem to be getting a number of non-North-American region DVDs lately… And Amazon has some warnings about them up which are usually wrong, as so many of their listings…Ed.] To the music and these interpretations: This ample box set is actually a reissue of the many separate CPO recordings that Venzago did with the same variety of orchestras represented here, including his own Bern Symphony and also […]
FRANÇOIS COUPERIN: Leçons de Ténèbres; DE BROSSARD: Trio Sonatas; Stabat Mater – Lucy Crowe & Elizabeth Watts, sops./ La Nuova Musica/ David Bates – Harmonia mundi/PIAS
FRANÇOIS COUPERIN: Leçons de Ténèbres; SÉBASTIEN DE BROSSARD: Trio Sonatas; Stabat Mater – Lucy Crowe and Elizabeth Watts, sopranos/ La Nuova Musica/ David Bates – Harmonia mundi/PIAS HMU 807659, 70:20 (9-9-16) *****: Francois Couperin vs. Jean-Phillipe Rameau. Strange to think that François Couperin, harpsichordist to Louis XIV, and Rameau, the other great French harpsichordist of the time, may never have met. It would have been an interesting meeting; their music is so different, Couperin’s more delicate, more filigreed, perfumed, reflective, splendid, whereas Rameau’s was like that too, but definitely more drop-dead brilliant. For decades, Couperin lived as the more important of the two, more relevant to the original-instrument discoveries of our modern age that were spearheaded by keyboard players and instrumentalists in general, but recently as opera from all periods has become huge international business, Couperin eclipsed the younger virtuoso, in large part part if not primarily due to the spectacular pomp and circumstance of the big moments, the irresistibly catchy nature of his dance tunes, and the melting beauty of his romance. For decades, Fr. Couperin lived as the more important of the two to our modern age, but recently he has been eclipsed the younger virtuoso, in large part part […]
Audio News for October 4, 2016
CBS Radio to Cease – More and more Americans, particulary young people, don’t tune into on-air radio stations anymore. Advertising dollars and audiences are dwindling everywhere. Revenues for terrestrial radio as a whole have been on a downward march for years. The biggest indicator is that CBS Corp. – once the home of Edward R. Murrow and Walter Cronkite – is spinning off its 88-year-old radio business to focus on TV and cable broadcasting. If it can’t find buyers for its 117 stations, it will offer share via an initial public offering. A survey shows that standard radio advertising from 2014 to 2019 will only grow about .5% per year compared with 8.6% for online radio broadcasters. A media consultant states that about half of all AM and FM radio stations will be gone by the middle of the next decade. Audio Over USB Type-C Standard – Apple is not the first firm to release a smartphone requiring an adaptor to use standard 3.5mm headphones. USB-FI’s latest formal standard is the USB audio Device Class 3.0 which carries audio signals over USB via a Type-C connector. There is reduced power consumption, it is easier to implement in devices, and includes […]
Rio Bossa – various performers – Le Chant du Monde – 3-CDs
A wonderful 3-CD intro to Brazilian jazz. Rio Bossa – various performers [TrackList follows] – Le Chant du Monde 2742394.96 (3-CD box) [Distr. by Harmonia mundi/PIAS] (10/7/16) *****: This is a terrific sampler of the best of Brazilian music from the bossa nova period of the mid-‘50s, which seems to coming back again. There is also a similar Le Chant du Monde boxed set on samba – the two are the real musical soul of Brazilian culture. (We’ll also have a review of it later.) These are the masterminds of bossa nova, including the legendary Antonio Carlos Jobim, Stan Getz, Joao Gilberto, Baden Powell, Luiz Bonfa and others. For my money, Brazil has the best music in the world. Sound is not bad either, though it could be better. These were originally released to tie in with the Brazilian Olympics. And they’re for sale at Amazon for only $9! TrackList: Disc 1: Desafinado Atabaque Chega de saudade Manha de carnaval Lobo bobo so Chora tua tristexa Eurydice Morne boca de ouro Insensatez Bim bom Outra vez Saudade fx um samba Cancao do amor demais Disc 2: Um abraco no Bonfa O pato A Felicidate Samba de minha terra Licao de […]
PROKOFIEV: Symphony No. 6 in e-flat; Waltz Suite – Sao Paulo Sym. Orch./ Marin Alsop – Naxos
Two contrasting Prokofiev works of 1947 capture our attention through the ongoing series by Marin Alsop. PROKOFIEV: Symphony No. 6 in e-flat minor, Op. 111; Waltz Suite, Op. 110 – Sao Paulo Sym. Orch./ Marin Alsop – Naxos 8.573518, 68:21 (8/12/16) ****: Prokofiev conceived his 1947 Sixth Symphony as an elegy of the tragedy of the Second World War, as the “darker twin” to his victorious Symphony No. 5 in B-flat Major. Prokofiev said of the symphony, “Now we are rejoicing in our great victory, but each of us has wounds that cannot be healed. One has lost those dear to him, another has lost his health. These must not be forgotten.” While Prokofiev had considered dedicating the music – due to the coincidence of opus number to Beethoven’s last piano sonata – “to the memory of Beethoven,” his more immediate influence lay in the music and pedagogy of colleague Nicolai Miaskovsky, whose work likewise suffered from the 1948 Zhdanov decrees that condemned music “hostile” to the Soviet version of “the spirit of the people.” While Yevgeny Mravinsky gave the world premiere, it was Stokowski’s New York performance of 1949 that announced to the West Prokofiev’s tragic vision and sense […]
Amazonia (2016)
A wonderful introduction to the wonders of the Amazon rainforest. Amazonia (2016) Narrator: Martin Sheen Director: Thierry Ragobert Studio: Grindstone/ Lionsgate (10/4/16) Also available in 3D Video: 1.85:1 for 16:9 screens, color Audio: English DD 5.1 Subtitles: English, Spanish Extras: The Making of Amazonia, 4 Minuscule Bonus Episodes, Trailer gallery Length: 93 min. Rating: **** What the French (with some Brazilians) went thru during the many months it took to film this epic with heavy new 3D cameras, probably no other countries’ crew of filmmakers would stand for. There were constant temperatures of 110 degrees and 100% humidity, and it rained constantly from October thru May. And they ruined 15 of their heavy generators due to the cutting of gasoline in the Amazon by other solvents. And this was not just a travelogue of the Amazon but a fiction film of the story of a little capuchin monkey originally raised and fed by a family in captivity who becomes stranded in the Amazon rainforest when the single-engine plane he is being transferred in crashes in the jungle. The only thing that makes this wonderful film (I would love to see it in 3D) not quite a 5-star vote is the […]
The Bad Plus – It’s Hard – Okeh/Sony Music
The Bad Plus deliver an all-covers album with lots of surprises. The Bad Plus – It’s Hard [TrackList follows] – Okeh/Sony Music 88985 337142, 40:56 [8/26/16] *****: (Reid Anderson – double bass/ Ethan Iverson – piano/David King – drums) What would you think of an all-covers album which includes music from Barry Manilow, Peter Gabriel, Johnny Cash and other tunes from outside the typical jazz realm? Some could try such a broad mixture, and fail. But with the Bad Plus, the result is the band’s 11th studio recording, It’s Hard, the threesome’s first all-covers project and another stellar and adventurous release. Those untutored with this trio’s eclectic stretch of influences might consider a 40-minute, 11-track collection of interpretations of music external to the jazz domain to be somewhat of a stunt. That kind of criticism has been leveled at bassist Reid Anderson, pianist Ethan Iverson and drummer David King since the trio’s major label 2003 debut, These Are the Vistas, which had audacious versions of Nirvana’s grunge-rock anthem “Smells Like Teen Spirit” and Blondie’s “Heart of Glass.” Anyone who has spent time with the Bad Plus realize they are way beyond any sense of novelty. In reality, the Bad Plus […]
Oscar Peterson Trio – Walking The Line – MPS vinyl
Oscar Peterson Trio – Walking The Line – MPS 0210989MSW stereo vinyl, 40:38 (1970/2016) ****: A piano master shines on audiophile vinyl reissue. (Oscar Peterson – piano; Jiri Mraz – double bass; Ray Price ; drums) In a world of legendary jazz pianists, Canadian Oscar Peterson easily stands among his peers as an equal. With eight Grammys, numerous honorary teaching degrees and a sixty year performance career, O.P. brought technical mastery and dynamic elegance to his craft. Among his peers (most notably Ray Charles), he is regarded as the technician who was closest to Art Tatum in pure talent. He participated in duos, quartets and accompanied vocalists like Ella Fitzgerald. But it was his trio work that helped to define the legacy. Peterson’s early recording career made him a valuable addition to Verve records. As with a lot of American jazz players, he migrated to Europe to capitalize on an adoring fan base. It was there where Peterson enjoyed a prolific relationship with MPS (16 albums in 16 years). The label has been reissuing several recordings from their estimable catalog. Among The MPS reissues is a 180-gram version of the 1970 release Walking The Line. The Oscar Peterson Trio (with […]
Wilhelm Furtwaengler conducts First Viennese School = MOZART: Marriage of Figaro Ov.; Sym. No. 40; HAYDN: Sym. No. 88 – Vienna Philharmonic Orch./ Berlin Philharmonic Orch. – Praga Digitals
In restored sound, classic Wilhelm Furtwaengler restorations embrace his Mozart and Haydn. Wilhelm Furtwaengler conducts First Viennese School = MOZART: The Marriage of Figaro Ov., K. 492; Sym. No. 40 in g, K. 550; HAYDN: Sym. No. 88 in G Major; Sym. No. 94 in G Major, “Surprise” – Vienna Philharmonic Orch./ Berlin Philharmonic Orch./ Wilhelm Furtwaengler – Praga Digitals PRD 350126, 73:18 (9/30/16) [Distr. by Harmonia mundi/PIAS] ****: In my younger days, with my having read Bruno Walter’s Of Music and Music-Making, I became convinced that anyone – over the age of 50 – who could render Mozart’s 1788 Fortieth Symphony properly had discovered one of the great secrets of the artistic universe. Listening to Praga’s restoration of Wilhelm Furtwaengler’s recording (7-8 December 1948 & 17 February 1949) with the Vienna Philharmonic, I am impressed with the intensity and willful drive of his vision, especially its tragically serene majesty, which moves not at all slowly or lugubriously, but with an urgent, relentless power. The “digression” into f-sharp minor in the course of the first movement provides but one of a number of agogic or harmonic ventures that indicate that below a controlled surface, dark rustlings of Dionysos prevail. The […]
“Double Triple Koppel” = Michala Petri on recorder & others – Decapo / BEAMISH: The Singing – Works of that composer cond. by Martyn Brabbins – BIS
“Double Triple Koppel” = ANDERS KOPPEL: Concerto for Recorder, Saxophone, and Orchestra; Triple Concerto for Mezzo Saxophone, Cello, Harp, and Orchestra ‒ Michala Petri, recorder / Benjamin Koppel, saxophones / Tine Rehling, harp / Eugene Hye-Knudsen, cello / Odense Sym. Orch. / Henrik Vagn Christensen ‒ Dacapo multichannel SACD 6220633 [Distr. by Naxos]; 67:25 (8/14/15) ***1/2:</br> “SALLY BEAMISH: The Singing” = The Singing: Concerto for Accordion and Orchestra; A Cage of Doves; Under the Wing of the Rock; Reckless; Trumpet Concerto ‒ James Crabb, accordion / Branford Marsalis, sax / Håkan Hardenberger, trumpet / Royal Scottish National Orch. / Nat. Youth Orch. of Scotland (Trumpet Concerto) / Martyn Brabbins ‒ BIS multichannel SACD BIS-2156 [Distr. by Naxos]; 73:56 (10/9/15) ****: Two contemporary composers who manage to do up the old wine of the classical concerto in surprising new skins. Here we have two very different approaches to the concerto from two very different contemporary composers. Anders Koppel (b. 1947) is the son of the distinguished Danish composer Herman D. Koppel. In fact, Anders is now better known than his father, thanks to a loyal following among enthusiasts of crossover music, and specifically those who appreciate the melding of classical music […]
CARL PHILIPP EMANUEL BACH, Vol. 2 = Sinfonia No. 3; Cello Con. No. 3; Sinfonia in e; Piccolo Cello Sonata; Harpsichord Con. – Ophélie Gaillard, cello and musical dir. / Francesco Corti, harpsichord / Pulcinella Orch. ‒ Aparté
CARL PHILIPP EMANUEL BACH, Vol. 2 = Sinfonia No. 3 in C Major, Wq. 182/3; Cello Concerto No. 3 in B-Flat Major, Wq. 171; Sinfonia in e, Wq. 178; Piccolo Cello Sonata in D Major, Wq. 137; Harpsichord Concerto in d, Wq. 17 ‒ Ophélie Gaillard, cello and musical dir. / Francesco Corti, harpsichord / Pulcinella Orch. ‒ Aparté AP118 [Distr. by Harmonia mundi/PIAS]; 81:00 (4/1/16) ***1/2: Spirited Bach playing, though somewhat too brusque for my taste. But the cello sonata is worth the price of the disc. Throughout the nineteenth century and a good chunk of the twentieth, the sons of J. S. Bach were lumped together by musicians and considered so far inferior to their father that little of their music visited a music stand. If any of the sons had caché, it was Bach’s youngest, Johann Christian, thanks to his association with the adolescent Mozart. But with the rise of historically informed performance practice back in the ‘60s, groups such as Collegium Aureum and Concentus Musicus started to perform and commit to disc the long-unplayed orchestral works of C. P. E. Bach. The choral music and instrumental music soon made their way to disc as well, and […]
Mstislav Rostropovich, cello/ Alexander Dedyukhin, piano/ USSR Radio & TV PROKOKOFIEV: Cello Sonata; Sym.-Concerto; Concertina – Large Sym. Orch./ Gennadi Rozhdestvensky – Praga Digitals
Mstislav Rostropovich showcases three brilliant cello works by friend and colleague Sergei Prokofiev. PROKOFIEV: Sonata for Cello and Piano in C Major, Op. 119; Symphony-Concerto in e for Cello and Orchestra, Op. 125; Concertino in g for Cello and Orchestra, Op. 132 – Mstislav Rostropovich, cello/ Alexander Dedyukhin, piano/ USSR Radio & TV Large Sym. Orch./ Gennadi Rozhdestvensky – Praga Digitals PRD 250 337, 74:01 (9/9/16) [Distr. by Harmonia mundi/PIAS] ****: Praga assembles three seminal 1964 Mstislav Rostropovich (1927-2007) “live” performances of music by his friend and collaborator Sergei Prokofiev, for whom he helped recast the Cello Concerto No. 1, Op. 58. The premiere of the revised Sinfonia Concertante occurred 18 February 1952, with Sviatoslav Richter’s appearance on the podium to lead the Moscow Youth Orchestra. The success of the performance inspired Prokofiev to begin “a diaphanous concertino for cello and orchestra. . .which I intend to complete . . .in 1953.” Prokofiev’s untimely death prevented his finishing the last movement, so Rostropovich, working with Dmitri Kabalevsky, completed the score. The 1949 Cello Sonata came as a product of “formal” criticism by Politburo member Andrei Zhdanov, who had accused Prokofiev – and Shostakovich, Miaskovsky, and Khachaturian – of having become […]
Editorial for October 2016
The complete opera by Rameau on a Harmonia mundi Blu-ray is the free drawing for this month. It is performed by the Ensemble Pygmalion with a peerless list of soloists, conducted by Raphael Pichon and is full of colorful spectacle and entertainment. The production, by Michel Faubion, is noted for its delicious candy colors. Here is a link to the Amazon site where the opera is offered (you can even see a video), and we will soon have our review of it. All you need to do is click on the Register To Win banner on the Home Page and fill out our simple form. We will list below the winner of the September drawing soon. EDITORIAL AUDIOPHILE AUDITION began as a local program in San Francisco and then in 1985 as a weekly national radio series hosted by John Sunier, and aired for 13½ years on up to 200 public radio and commercial stations. In September 1998 its web site for program listings was expanded to this free Internet publication. October 2016 is our 211th issue! All disc reviews are added thru the month as written and received, often daily, amounting to nearly 100 a month. The Home Page lists the […]
Stereotypes Audio
Cembal d’amour
Pure Pleasure / Speakers Corner
Cedille
